Canada is preparing to transform the way people cross its borders. The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) has announced plans to introduce artificial intelligence to screen every traveller entering the country, with full implementation targeted for 2027.

The new system, called the Traveller Compliance Indicator, will generate a “compliance score” for each traveller. This score is designed to predict how likely an individual is to follow Canadian laws once inside the country. Those who receive higher-risk scores may be directed to secondary inspections, while lower-risk travellers could move through checkpoints more quickly.

Importantly, the system will not replace human officers. Instead, border officers will continue to make the final decisions, using the AI scores as one of several tools in the process. The CBSA has emphasised that the AI will be advisory rather than determinative.

The aim is to modernise border operations, reduce wait times, and focus resources on individuals deemed to require closer review. The system is expected to be deployed first at air and marine ports of entry.

Despite the potential benefits, the plan raises questions about privacy, fairness, and transparency. Any predictive system carries the risk of bias if it is based on incomplete or skewed historical data. Critics warn that over-reliance on algorithms could lead to unfair targeting, while supporters argue that stronger technology will enhance both security and efficiency.

The coming years will show whether AI can deliver on its promise at Canada’s borders. For now, travellers can expect a gradual shift toward a system where technology plays a central role, but where human judgment still carries the final word.